英语语法第20章:冠词

（一）考纲要求

　　考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

（二）命题导向

　　冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。

（三）基本用法

　　当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

　　1、定冠词的基本用法：

　　① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

　　② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

　　③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

　　④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.

　　⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.

　　⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.

　　⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

　　⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

　　⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示"夫妇"或"全家"。如：The Smiths

　　⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

　　⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

　　⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

　　　　⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

　　2、不定冠词的基本用法：

　　① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

　　② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

　　③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

　　④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示"每一"。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）

　　⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

　　⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.

　　　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）

　　　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

　　3、不用冠词的情况：

　　① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）

　　② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.

　　③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.

　　④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.

　　⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

　　⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

　　⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

　　⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

　　⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

高考练习题:冠 词

　　1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.

　　A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a

　　2. ---- What happened?---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

　　A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a

　　3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

　　A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a

　　4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

　　A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The

　　5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

　　A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a

　　6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn't ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

　　A. a, aB. a, theC. the, theD. the, a

　　7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every

　　8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

　　A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy cold D. heavy cold

　　9. ____ water is ____ liquid.A. The, aB. A, aC. /, /D. /, a

　　10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

　　A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a

　　11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

　　A. aB. theC. anotherD. other

　　12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

　　A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second

　　13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, anD. /, a

　　14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

　　A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 1995

　　15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the

　　16. The soldier died during ____ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a

　　17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

　　A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s

　　18. Alice is ____ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller

　　19. ---- Can your sister play ____?---- No, but she can play ____.

　　A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano

　　20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.

　　A. frontB. the frontC. a front D. instead

　　21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

　　A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the

　　22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

　　A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /

　　23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.

　　A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, the

　　24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. aB. theC. anD. /

　　25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?

　　A. manB. the manC. a manD. men

　　26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./

　　27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China.A. AB. TheC. /D. That

　　28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

　　A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, a

　　29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil.A. withB. inC. in aD. use a

　　30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.

　　A. National DayB. the National DayC. our National DayD. a National Day

　　

高考练习题:冠 词

　　1. ---You mean you know the man? 　---I know________ man exactly like him.

　　　　 A. other 　B. the 　C. / 　D. a

　　2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?

　　　　 A. a, / 　B. the, / 　C. a, the　D. the, the

　　3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.

　　　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.

　　　　 A. a, a 　B. the, a 　C. /, / 　D. /, a

　　4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.

　　　　 A. a,/, the 　B. a,/, / 　C. the, the, the　D. the, an, an

　　5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.

　　　　 A. the, the 　B. the, / 　C. the, a　D. /, a

　　6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.

　　　　 A. /, / 　B. his, his 　C. the, the　D. an, his

　　7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.

　　　　 A. the, / 　B. /, / 　C. /, a 　D. the, the

　　8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.

　　　　 A. a, the 　B. a, / 　C. the, a　D. the, the

　　9. ---What about ____ bike?---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?

　　　　 A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　C. the, a, the　D. the, the, a

　　10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.

　　　　 A. the, a 　B. /, / 　C. a, a　D. /, a

　　11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.

　　　　 A. the, a 　B. a, a 　C. the, / 　D. the, /

　　12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?

　　 　---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?

　　　　 A. a, a 　B. a, the 　C. the, a 　D. the, the

　　13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.

　　　　 A. /, / 　B. the, the 　C. a, / 　D./, the

　　14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?

　　 　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.

　　　　 A. a, a 　B. the, the 　C. a, the　D. the, a

　　15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.

　　　　 A. a, the, the 　B. a,/,the 　C. /,/,the 　D. /,/,a

　　16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.

　　　　 A. an, a 　B. /, the 　C. the, a 　D. the, /

　　17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?

　　 　---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.

　　　　 A. a, a 　B. the, a 　C. a, / 　D. the, /

　　18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.

　　　　 A. the, the 　B. a, a 　C. a, / 　D. the, /

　　19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.

　　　　 A. the, a 　B. /, the 　C. /, / 　D. the, /

　　20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.

　　　　 A. /, a 　B. the, / 　C. /, the 　D. the, the

　　21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight.　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.

　　　　 A. the dress 　B. a dress 　C. dress 　D. the dresses

　　22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? 　---Oh, it was ____ success.

　　　　 A. How, really a B. What, great 　C. How, / 　D. What, quite a

　　23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.

　　　　 A. /,/,the 　B. a,/,/ 　C. a, the,/　D. /,the, the

　　24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday?　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.

　　　　 A. /, the, a 　B. a, /, the 　C. a, a, the 　D. a, the, the

　　25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.

　　　　 A. /, / 　B. /, a 　C. the, / 　D. /, the

　　26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.

　　 　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?

　　　　 A. a, the 　B. the, a 　C. the, the 　D. a, a

　　27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.

　　　　 A. a, a 　B. /, / 　C. a, the 　D. a, /

　　28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.

　　　　 A. a, the 　B. a, / 　C. the, an　D. the, the

　　29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.

　　　　 A. /, / 　B. a, a 　C. the, /　D. the, the

　　30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?

　　 　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.

　　　　 A. the, the, / 　B. the, the, a 　C. /, the, a　D. /, the, /

　　31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)

　　　　 A./;　B. a　C. the　D. one

　　32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.

　　　　 A./;/　B. the ; the　C. the; /　D./;the （ MET1991 11）

　　33. ---Where's jack ?---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.

　　　 A./; /　B. the; the　C. the; /　D./; the （ MET1992 36）

　　34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.

　　　 A. the ; the　B./; /　C. the; /　D./; the （MET 1993 19）

　　35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

　　　　 A. the; the　B. the ; /　C. a; /　D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）

　　36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?

　　　　 A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the （NMET1994 23）

　　37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.

　　　　 A. a; /　B. the; an　C. the; the　D./;the （NMET 1996 13）

　　38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.

　　　　 A. the ; /　B. the; the　C./; the　D./; /（NMET 1999 8）

　　39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .

　　A.90s; their　B. the 90s; /　C.90s; /D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6）

　　40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.

　　　　 A. the; a　B./; a　C. the ; the　D./; the (NMET2000 10)

　　41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.

　　　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)

　　　　 A. a; the　B. the; the　C. the ; a　D. a; a

　　42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.

　　　　 A./; a　B. the; /　C./; /　D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)

　　43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26)

　　　　 A. a; the　B. the ;不填　C. the; the　D. was killing

　　44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)

　　　　 A./;the　B./;an　C. an; an　D. the; the

　　45. ---I don't like_____New York at all.　---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.

　　　　 A. the, the 　B. /, the 　C. the, / 　D. /, a

　　练习一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA

　　26~30 DCBBA

　　练习二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB

　　26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB

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